Base components of the Make system

The Hades build system is compiled of the following Makefiles:

hades.def.mk

Contains all definitions to build any object

hades.rules.mk     

Contains all rules to build a set of Hydra libraries (so called global build)

hades.module.mk

Contains all rules to build a single Hydra library

hades.app.mk      

Contains all rules to build an application based on Hydra

Use it to build any library or application in the Hades software environment based on C, Fortran 77, C++ or Oracle PL/SQL. This has nothing to do with loading libraries in Root's CINT - which is a completely different subject. These makefiles are part of the Hydra distribution and saved in the admin directory of the code tree.

HowTo use existing Makefiles

Variables and settings

Before using the Makefiles to build any Hades software, setup the shell environment. The default settings related to third party software are all defined at the beginning of hades.def.mk. These frequently used variables have an influence on building Hydra and related software; they can be set in the Makefiles and on command line, or even in both locations:

Call make with the following targets (without any target, 'all' is taken as the default one):

HADDIR

Absolute path to the directory where Hydra is installed - needed if Hydra is not build completely from scratch. An installation consists of the directories

$HADDIR/lib

and

$HADDIR/include

containing all libraries and their header files as well as directory

$HADDIR/macros

which keeps the related rootlog*.C macros for loading all Hydra modules. In

$HADDIR

itself, the makefiles hades.*.mk are installed.

MYHADDIR

Absolute path to the directory where private and additional Hydra module versions are installed. Also here, an installation consists of the directories

$MYHADDIR/lib

and

$MYHADDIR/include

containing all private libraries and their header files.

BUILD_DIR

Absolute path to the directory where all compiler output files will be located. Default:

./build in case one builds a set of Hydra modules or an application; 

../build

in case one build a single module.

INSTALL_DIR

   Absolute path to the directory where all libraries and header files will be installed. Default:

•        Always 

  .

   in case of applications.    

•        For one of several modules: 

  $MYHADDIR

   - if set.    

•        Otherwise 

  ./install

   in case one builds modules using a global makefile and 

  ../install

   in case one build a single module in the module directory (this refers to the same directory).    

USES_RFIO, USES_ORACLE, USES_GFORTRAN, USES_CERNLIB and USES_X11

To build Hydra independent from those 3rd party software set the related flag explicitly to

no

and remove correlated modules in your global Makefile. Otherwise it depends on the default settings defined in the different module Makefiles, which packages are finally used.

   Use Cases and Boundary Conditions

   Building Hydra completely from scratch:

•        Somewhere, there is a directory - let's call it hydra here - which must contain a global Hydra Makefile (which builds all modules), and the hades.*.mk Makefiles. All module directories e.g. base or pid are sub-directories to hydra.    

•        Set HADDIR to hydra, e.g. 

  export HADDIR=/path/to/hydra

     

•        Unset MYHADDIR - to inhibit mixture of versions, because there shouldn't be private modules, yet.    
•        These steps are done automatically in the global default Makefile.    

•        Now do:
         

  make; make install INSTALL_DIR=/wherever/you/want/to/have/it

     

   Building a set of private Hydra modules:

•        Set HADDIR      to the global Hydra installation location, where basically all modules should be installed.    
•        Set MYHADDIR to your private installation location if you have already some local modules you want to use.    
•        Write your own reduced global Makefile (see below).    
•        In the directory, to which the modules to be compiled are sub-directories, do:    

•        

  make; make install

     

   Building a single module:

•        Set HADDIR      to the global Hydra installation location, where basically all modules should be installed.    
•        Set MYHADDIR to your private installation location if you have already some local modules you want to use.    

•        Either do
         

  make; make install

   in the module directory, or execute
         

  make MODULES=dir-name; make install MODULES=dir-name

   using your global Makefile - MODULES=dir-name is only needed, if you want to override the list of modules which is defined in your global Makefile.    

   Building an application:

•        Set HADDIR     to the global Hydra installation location, where basically all modules should be installed.    
•        Set MYHADDIR to your private installation location if you have already some local modules.    

•        In the application directory, do:
         

  make; make install INSTALL_DIR=/wherever/you/want/to/have/it

  , typically 

  INSTALL_DIR=~/bin

     

   Take care, that you don't mix different library (Hydra) versions while building modules!

•        All modules must be sub-directories of the directory which contains the global Makefile (if one was used at all). This Makefile can then be used to build all those modules.    

•        All modules and applications keep dependencies to libraries internally; including the full path as it was found while linking the library ("rpath" mechanism). This can be checked using the 

  ldd

   command.    

•        To use just global modules (from /misc/hadessoftware/install) do:
         

  unset MYHADDIR

     

•        To use just local (private) modules install all in MYHADDIR.    
•        Local or private modules are always preferred of global ones (MYHADDIR always beats HADDIR).    

•        To temporarily use a module from global location, deinstall it locally:
         

  make deinstall MODULES="dir-name ..."

         The re-installation is very fast, since it is just copied from the build directory.    

•        The hades.*.mk Makefiles are placed in HADDIR by default (see below).    

   Targets

   Call make with the following targets (without any target, 'all' is taken as the default one):

all

   Is an alias for 'build'

check

This target is independent of all other targets and checks the filename and directory structure of your project.

depend

   Create the dependency files. If this target was not executed, then the files are created during the 'build' step, automatically. Creating the dependencies is much faster than building objects, and will therefore uncover some possible problems much faster.

build

   Build all libraries/modules/applications

install

Install the libraries/applications and corresponding header files such, that they are ready for usage by CINT.

doc

   Creates the HTML class documentation

deinstall

   Antagonist of

install

clean

   Deletes all files but dependencies and sources

distclean

   Deletes all files but sources

   How to write new Makefiles

•        

  make -s

             Silent Mode - don't echo commands; just explicit echo commands, as well as warnings and errors are shown    

•        

  make -n

             No Operation Mode - echo all commands but don't execute them. Good debugging feature!    

•        

  make -jX

           Parallel Build - process X modules/files in parallel (it turned out, that in case one builds a Hydra library, 2 jobs per CPU/Core is the optimum, otherwise 1 job per CPU/Core is enought)    

•        

  make -f file 

  Use 'file' as input makefile

  make -p

  Print database of variables and rules - nice feature for debugging Makefiles (Hint: Better redirect the bulk output to a file)     

•        +=                 Append a value to a variable    
•        ?=                  Sets a variable to a value only if it's not already set: This gives you the option to override settings via shell environment - variables set on the command line always have the highest precedence.    
•        :=                   Sets a variable by evaluating the right side immediately    
•        =                    Sets a variable by evaluation the right side in the moment the variable is used (this give you the possibility to bequeath changes of settings via different variables)    

   Example of a global Makefile

MODULES ?= base mdc ora
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.def.mk
                                                                                                ### possibly override default or append new definitons here
                                                                                                
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.rules.mk
                                                                                                ### possibly override default or append new rules here
                                                                                                

   These lines describe a Makefile which builds the modules 'base', 'mdc' and 'ora'. Each module must have its own Makefile. If one uses '?=' as assignment operator, then one has the possibility to override the list of modules to be build on command line, e.g. with "make MODULES=mdc" just the module 'mdc' is build.
   While building Hydra not completely from scratch, you will need at least HADDIR pointing to the correct installation!

   The global makefile is a good place to introduce hard-wired private settings. It's better not to change module makefiles, e.g. since temporary changes in several modules might lead to errors if they were forgotten to be changed back or synchronized. Here is an example of some common manipulations of default settings/behaviour:

MODULES     ?= base mdc ora
                                                                                                BUILD_DIR   := /tmp
                                                                                                INSTALL_DIR ?= /home/my/install 
                                                                                                USES_RFIO    := yes
                                                                                                USES_GFORTRAN := yes
                                                                                                USES_CERNLIB := yes
                                                                                                USES_ORACLE  := yes
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.def.mk
                                                                                                .PHONY:  default
                                                                                                default: build install
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.rules.mk

   If you type 

make

, this makefile actually does the same things as described above, but it uses /tmp as build directory for all modules, an alternativ installation directory which can be altered via environment settings and does execute the installation automatically after a successful compilation of the modules.

   Example of a module Makefile

LIB_NAME     := MyLib
                                                                                                SOURCE_FILES := file1.cc file2.pc file3.c file4.f
                                                                                                USES_RFIO    := yes
                                                                                                USES_GFORTRAN := yes
                                                                                                USES_CERNLIB := yes
                                                                                                USES_ORACLE  := yes
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.def.mk
                                                                                                ### possibly override default or append new definitons here
                                                                                                
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.module.mk
                                                                                                ### possibly override default or append new rules here
                                                                                                

   These lines describe a Makefile which builds the library 'libMyLib.so'. This library is made of 4 objects written in C++, Oracle PL/SQL, C, and Fortran 77 (in this order). It uses RFIO explicitly (currently only done by modules base, rfio and htools - otherwise this flag is not needed), parts of CERN library and Oracle. Here, it is not necessary to set USES_ORACLE, since the build system recognizes the usage of an Oracle precompiler file (ending '.pc'). However, it is a good style to use it explicitly if needed.

   Example of an application Makefile

APP_NAME     := myapp
                                                                                                SOURCE_FILES := file1.cc file2.pc file3.c file4.f
                                                                                                USES_RFIO    := yes
                                                                                                USES_GFORTRAN := yes
                                                                                                USES_CERNLIB := yes
                                                                                                USES_ORACLE  := yes
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.def.mk
                                                                                                # override default list of linked Hydra libraries - before they can act on the rules
                                                                                                HYDRA_LIBS := -lHydra -lMdc
                                                                                                include $(HADDIR)/hades.app.mk
                                                                                                ### possibly override default or append new rules here
                                                                                                

   These lines describe a Makefile which builds the application 'myapp'. The program is made of 4 objects written in C++, Oracle PL/SQL, C, and Fortran 77 (in this order). It uses RFIO explicitly (currently only done by modules base, rfio, htools and the DST macros - otherwise this flag is not needed), parts of CERN library and only the Hydra libraries 'Hydra' and 'mdc' - otherwise almost all libraries are used by default (see hydra.def.mk). Here, it is not necessary to set USES_ORACLE, since the build system recognizes the usage of an Oracle precompiler file (ending '.pc'). However, it is a good style to use it explicitly if needed.